Indirect contributions of global fires to surface ozone through ozone–vegetation feedback

Abstract. Fire is an important source of ozone (O3) precursors. The formation surface O3 can cause damage to vegetation and reduce stomatal conductance. Such processes feed back inhibit dry deposition indirectly enhance O3. Here, we apply a fully coupled chemistry–vegetation model estimate the indirect contributions global fires through O3–vegetation feedback during 2005–2012. emissions directly increase annual mean by 1.2 ppbv (5.0 %) with maximum 5.9 (24.4 averaged over central Africa emitting substantial number Considering feedback, additionally 0.5 Amazon in October, 0.3 southern Asia April, 0.2 April. During extreme interactions, such rise >0.6 these fire-prone areas. Moreover, large ratios indirect-to-direct fire are found eastern China (3.7 US (2.0 %), where high ambient causes strong interactions. With likelihood increasing risks warming climate, may promote both direct feedbacks. enhancement will additional threats public health ecosystem productivity.